Pleconaril works against rhinoviruses, which cause the common cold, by blocking a pocket on the surface of the virus that controls the uncoating process. This pocket is similar in most strains of rhinoviruses and enteroviruses, which can cause diarrhea, meningitis, conjunctivitis, and encephalitis. The problem today with antibiotics or antibacterials, antifungicides, and antiviruses is resistance. Antimicrobial resistance is resistance of a microorganism to an antimicrobial drug that was originally effective for treatment of infections caused by it.
Resistant microorganisms bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites are able to withstand attack by antimicrobial drugs so that standard treatments become ineffective and infections persist, increasing the risk of spread to others.
The evolution of resistant strains is a natural phenomenon that occurs when microorganisms replicate themselves erroneously or when resistant traits are exchanged between them. When resistance occurs it is necessary to form modified drugs to avoid resistance.
For instance, ampicillin and amoxicillin are variants of penicillin to work around resistance of common infections. Know these keywords and what each word refers to as well as its function. Read over the list. Are all these keywords familiar? Answer these questions. Do you know the answers, holy cow! Check yourself out in this quiz, and prove that you are a humanology wiz.
National Center for Biotechnology Information , U. Human Physiology, Biochemistry and Basic Medicine. Published online Oct Laurence Cole and Peter R. Copyright and License information Disclaimer. All rights reserved. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVIDrelated research that is available on the COVID resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source.
Abstract Bacterial, fungus, and viral infections can be aggressive life-threatening infections or nonhostile relatively mild short-term infections.
Table 6. Open in a separate window. Chapter Keywords Know these keywords and what each word refers to as well as its function.
Internet References Use these references to find out more. It is one of the most contagious viral infections in the world. It occurs in both animal and humans. Ebola is transmitted by having a direct contact with infected fluids such as sweat, discharge, vomit, or urine.
The hemorrhagic fever is the most common symptom. It leads to physical exhaustion, muscle aches, headache intense , high fevers, and abdominal pain. It cannot be prevented by vaccination. HIV attacks the human immune system making it weak and therefore not being able to fight life-threatening infections.
It is transmitted through unprotected sex, sharing sharp objects or syringes, mother to child during birth or lactation period, and direct contact with open wounds. It can be prevented by having protected sex, sterilizing shared sharp materials or avoid sharing of syringes. They bite and feed on the infected blood and transmit it to healthy individuals through its sting. Symptoms of yellow fever include mouth and nose bleeding , dark color vomit, yellow pigmentation of the skin, dehydration, high fever, and cardiac arrhythmia.
It can be prevented by vaccination of individuals between years and reapplied every 10 years. Influenza is one of the most common viral infections in humans. It forms when the RNA virus camps and reproduces in the host cells of the body.
It affects the respiratory tract. The most common symptoms are fever, headache, malaise, body weakness, vomiting, cough, diarrhea , and sore throat. Catherine is a dedicated freelance health and science writer committed to excellence and professionalism. She specializes in health topics including diet and nutrition, immune-related diseases, surgery, and cancer.
Medically Reviewed By. Kaushal M. Catherine Nderi. Share with friends. Explore further. More from Biology and Medical. Use this form if you have come across a typo, inaccuracy or would like to send an edit request for the content on this page.
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More information: Sara Saheb Kashaf et al, Integrating cultivation and metagenomics for a multi-kingdom view of skin microbiome diversity and functions, Nature Microbiology DOI: Provided by European Molecular Biology Laboratory. This document is subject to copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study or research, no part may be reproduced without the written permission.
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