Restoration of cerebral blood flow by recombinant plasminogen activator rtPA with or without mechanical thrombectomy is considered the most effective therapy for rescuing brain tissue from ischaemic damage, but this requires advanced facilities and highly skilled professionals, entailing high costs, thus in resource-limited contexts urokinase plasminogen activator uPA is commonly used as an alternative.
This literature review summarises the existing studies relating to the potential clinical application of uPA in ischaemic stroke patients. In translational studies of ischaemic stroke, uPA has been shown to promote nerve regeneration and reduce infarct volume and neurological deficits.
At the time of this writing, patients with angiographically proved acute coronary thrombosis have been treated. The findings from one center are summarized in some detail and the overall experience is reviewed. Preliminary evidence for a potentiating effect on pro-urokinase-induced thrombolysis by urokinase is presented.
In addition, while uPA expressing macrophages express a transcriptional profile that is seen in tumor-associated macrophages, these macrophages promote collagen expression in cardiac but not embryonic fibroblasts.
Understanding the mechanisms by which uPA modulates macrophage function may reveal insights into diverse pathologic processes. Abstract Objective: Inflammation and fibrosis are intertwined in multiple disease processes.
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